In 1859, a human rights activist named Henry Dunant — who would later co-found the Red Cross — observed the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino, between the French-Piedmontese and Austrian armies in Northern Italy. He was shocked by the treatment of wounded soldiers on the battlefield; he worked diligently to bring together a variety of governments to sign onto a series of rules governing the treatment of captured and wounded soldiers, signed in Geneva in 1864. These …